Fallow Deer – Dama dama

Recent research using DNA analysis indicates that fallow deer were first brought to Britain from the western Mediterranean during Roman times. Evidence suggests they survived for several hundred years after the collapse of the Roman Empire, before becoming extinct in Britain. Studies show that they were reintroduced from Anatolia (now part of Turkey) prior to the Norman conquest in the 11th century. Initially the Normans used fallow deer for ornamental and hunting purposes, but as fallow numbers increased they became valued as venison for the table. The fallow deer is a docile, non-territorial, herding deer that thrives in parklands, making it ideal for semi-domestication.

Their current patchy distribution reflects the distribution of ancient deer parks and hunting forests. Feral deer (escapees from parks) are common in southern England. Increasing in number and slowly in distribution, they are found throughout much of England and parts of Wales, and locally in Scotland and Northern Ireland. Herds may number a hundred if conditions are right. There are now more deer in the South East today than there were 500 years ago in the reign of Queen Elizabeth I. Fallow deer have palmate (palm-like) antlers – a wider and flatter spread with less distinct tines than the red deer.